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Derechos — the word sounds kind of like ‘tornadoes,’ and for good reason. Like tornadoes, derechos refer to strong winds.
However, unlike tornadoes, derechos are a type of straight-line wind. Tornado winds, on the other hand, swirl around.
The word derecho derives from the Spanish language.
While a straight-line wind can mean any wind coming from one direction and going in the opposite direction, derechos most commonly refer to very strong straight-line winds.
In fact, wind damage from derechos is sometimes mistaken to be tornado damage.
What Exactly Are Derechos?
So far, you know derechos refer to strong, straight-line winds. But they’re really much more than just that.
Let’s look at some of the minimal attributes of what makes a true derecho:
- The storm’s winds must generally be at least 58 miles-per-hour
- The derecho should have a life span of at least 6 hours
- Derechos must form in a ‘family of downburst clusters’
- The line of storms producing microbursts and downbursts are long — often 250 miles or even longer
- Winds in some derechos can gust well over 100 miles-per-hour
Derechos come from very strong storms that cover a wide area and travel a long way.
In fact, some of the most damaging derechos have marched hundreds of miles across the country.
Derechos are most commonly found in squall lines. A squall line is a line or row of storms — often fierce — which can extend hundreds of miles long. Despite their length, most squall lines are relatively narrow.
Derechos form in bow-shaped storms called bow echos. In fact, it’s often the case that the strongest area of thunderstorms is in the areas where the storm bulges outward.
You can easily ‘see’ these bow-shaped areas of these storms when satellite or radar images are superimposed on a weather map.
3 Kinds Of Derechos
Derechos are classified in 3 different ways. Check out how these different types of derechos are defined:
- Serial Derechos: Are found in long squall lines and can involve the formation of many bow echos. Serial derechos form as a result of what meteorologists call migrating areas of low pressure.
- Proressive Derechos: Occur in rather short squall line systems (under 250 miles long) and are associated with stationary fronts. A progressive derecho can involve either one or several bow echos.
- Hybrid Derechos: Involve general characteristics of both serial derechos and progressive derechos.
Historic Derecho Events
Like tornadoes, hurricanes, and other severe wind events, some derechos have reached historic proportions.
Here’s a brief overview of some of the most serious derechos in United States history:
- In 1993, a strong derecho occurred during the Storm of the Century. This derecho produced highly damaging winds that affected Florida and Cuba.
- A very severe derecho affected much of the northern Midwest in 1983 during an event since dubbed the I-94 Derecho.
- The More Trees Down derecho cut a large swath across the country on July 4 and 5 1980. The derecho formed near Omaha Nebraska and finally dying out over Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. 6 people were killed in this derecho.
I'm a weather geek from Florida who's been studying meteorology and watching weather patterns for years! I enjoy sharing little-known facts and fun stuff about the weather. I especially like sharing interesting details about weather events and conditions that can affect you… and how to prepare for Mother Nature's ever-changing weather patterns.
